JML
ONLINE INSTITUTE:	
AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRONICS:
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TRANSISTORS & DIODES:
consists of 4 main operations
1. Diodes & Transistors
2. Rectifiers 
3. Regulators
4. Op-Amps
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Rectifiers and Filters:
FULL WAVE VOLTAGE DOUBLER:

Now lets trace the current through the clockwise direction of the left hand side of the transformer.
Current flowing in the clockwise direction passes through the upper diode and through the load resisitor with the voltmeter attached.  This alternating voltage only represents the positive part of the sinosoidal vlotage wave.

Now lets trace the current through the counter clockwise direction of the left hand side of the transformer.
Current flowing in the counter clockwise direction passes through the lower diode and through the load resisitor with the voltmeter attached.  This alternating voltage only represents the negative part of the sinosoidal voltage wave, but it appears as positive voltage.  Thus, the output voltage is doubled.  

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HALF WAVE VOLTAGE RECTIFIER:

Now lets trace the current through the clockwise direction of the left hand side of the transformer.
Current flowing in the clockwise direction passes through the diode and through the load resisitor with the voltmeter attached.  This alternating voltage only represents the positive part of the sinosoidal vlotage wave.  Current flowing in the counter clockwise direction  through the diode is blocked and zero voltage appears across the load resisitor with the voltmeter attached.  So only half of the total voltage is seen at the load resistor.  The negative part is cancelled out.